Which unit in an oil refinery is associated with hydrogen fluoride or sulfuric acid hazards?

The alkylation unit is associated with hydrogen fluoride or sulfuric acid hazards because it is specifically designed to combine small hydrocarbon molecules into larger, more valuable ones, such as isooctane, by using these strong acids as catalysts. The use of hydrogen fluoride, in particular, poses significant health and safety risks due to its highly corrosive nature and the potential for toxic gas releases. Additionally, sulfuric acid is another catalyst used in some alkylation processes, which also presents risks due to its corrosive properties.

Understanding this unit's role in the refining process highlights the importance of rigorous safety protocols and training to handle these hazardous materials. The presence of these acids emphasizes the heightened need for proper ventilation, personal protective equipment, and emergency response plans to mitigate the risks associated with their use in refining operations.